Berlin 2007, S. 72. Gnter Frster: Die Dissertationen an der "Juristischen Hochschule" des MfS. Equalisation payments of pension damages and for loss of earnings can also be applied for in cases where victimisation continued for at least three years, and where claimants can prove need. Eroticawhether printed or filmedwas banned in East Germany, and was pointed to as evidence of the Wests decadence and depravity. The protesters continued to grow in number until they were able to overcome the police and gain entry into the complex. [93], Gedenksttte Moritzplatz Magdeburg[de] - The memorial site at Moritzplatz in Magdeburg is a museum on the site of a former prison, built from 1873 to 1876, that was used by the Soviet administration from 1945 to 1949 and the Stasi from 1958 until 1989 to hold political prisoners. The prison at Moritzplatz was used by the Volkspolizei from 1952 until 1958. Geschichtsverbund Thringen Arbeitsgemeinschaft zur Aufarbeitung der SED-Diktatur. November 2010 im Internet Archive), 105 KB, S. 3, eingesehen am 24. In: Religion, State and Society. When one thinks about East Germany's Ministry for State Security, or Stasi, images spring to mind of a ubiquitous, all-pervading secret police whose tentacles extended into every last nook and cranny of public and private life. Related Topics Stephen King Horror novel Reading, Writing, and Literature comments sorted by Best Top New Controversial Q&A Add a Comment lori244144 Additional comment actions . Cases of provable, systematically effected targeting by the Stasi, and resulting in employment-related losses and/or health damage, can be pursued under a law covering settlement of torts (Unrechtsbereinigungsgesetz, or 2. Aus einem Protokoll vom 16. Sanierung einer Dokumentations- und Gedenksttte in Rostock, Nord Stream, Matthias Warnig (codename "Arthur") and the Gazprom Lobby, Gazprom's Loyalists in Berlin and Brussels, "Police investigate Gazprom executive's Stasi past", "Stasi-Anhnger schreiben an Bildungssenator Bger", Ehemalige Stasi-Kader schreiben Schulen an, "Aris, Helmut * 11.5.1908, 22.11.1987 Prsident des Verbandes der Jdischen Gemeinden", "Mandatsentzug lt Beck kalt: "Ich bin ein Schlachtro", "H-Soz-u-Kult / Mielke, Macht und Meisterschaft", "Was der Geheimdienst der DDR mit dem Sport zu tun hatte", "Das Stasi-Geheimnis der Hotelchefin Uta Felgner", "Cottbus-Trainer Geyer horchte Kirsten und Sammer aus", "Dynamo-Vereinslegenden treten als Ehrenspielfhrer zurck - wegen Ede Geyer", "Eine Stasi-Debatte, die nicht beendet wurde", "DDR: Birthler-Behrde lie Stasi-Spitzel einladen - WELT", "Kamnitzer, Heinz * 10.5.1917, 21.5.2001 Prsident des PEN-Zentrums DDR", "Olympiakos soccer chief was 'spy for Stasi', "Luft, Christa geb. More pages of printed text were generated by the Stasi than by all German authors from the Middle Ages to WWII. The Stasi in 1972 made plans to assist the, In 1975, the Stasi recorded a conversation between senior West German CDU politicians. From 1954 it was mainly used for women prisoners. Pingel-Schliemann: Zersetzen, S. 141151. 27 November 2000. Ilko-Sascha Kowalczuk: Stasi konkret berwachung und Repression in der DDR, Mnchen 2013, S. 211, 302f. A cleverer strategy was called for. Mai 1963, zit. Funds were channelled to a small West German group for it to defend, The Stasi channelled large amounts of money to. The Immersion Tank If a person goes into bars and places where bands play, you will notice multi-colored lights flashing. [27], The Stasi's ranks swelled considerably after Eastern Bloc countries signed the 1975 Helsinki accords, which GDR leader Erich Honecker viewed as a grave threat to his regime because they contained language binding signatories to respect "human and basic rights, including freedom of thought, conscience, religion, and conviction". ISBN: 9781838772529. From 1950 to 1952 it was an execution site where 12 people sentenced to death were executed. Today it is a memorial site to those who. In 1995, the BStU began reassembling the shredded documents; 13 years later, the three dozen archivists commissioned to the projects had reassembled only 327 bags. They also argued against the use of the files to capture former Stasi members and prosecute them, arguing that not all former members were criminals and should not be punished solely for being a member. Young children cut and colored paper dolls with gas masks and AK-47s. [82], Memorial and Education Centre Andreasstrae - a museum in Erfurt which is housed in a former Stasi remand prison. Although well-behaved children were given tokens that they could use to get cigarettes, alcohol, snacks, and access the laptop computers in their rooms, Luke tried to avoid needing tokens. The secret police had so much personal information about each citizen and so much influence over institutions (whether you could get into college, get a job, buy a car) their power was almost absoluteand absolutely unaccountable. His article goes on to provide guidance on the conservation of cast iron . History, The Bautzner Strae Memorial in Dresden website, Frankfurt (Oder) baut sein altes Gefngnis zum Kulturzentrum um / Gedenkstttenbeirat entsetzt Der einstige Hinrichtungsraum wird ein Caf, Museum Viadrina. Interrogators were trained psychologists who had been briefed on the prisoners and their families and used sophisticated methods to break down defenses. WebThere are six country names ending in -e and which are masculine : le Mexique, le Mozambique, le Belize, le Cambodge, le Suriname, le Zimbabwe. Zersetzung was designed to side-track and "switch off" perceived enemies so that they would lose the will to continue any "inappropriate" activities. Mike Dennis: Surviving the Stasi: Jehovah's Witnesses in Communist East Germany, 1965 to 1989. In 1978, Mielke formally granted KGB officers in East Germany the same rights and powers that they enjoyed in the Soviet Union. He used open terror methods to subdue his post-war population: show trials, mass arrests, camps, torture and the secret police. [51][41], The Stasi manipulated relations of friendship, love, marriage, and family by anonymous letters, telegrams and telephone calls as well as compromising photos, often altered. Stasiopfer.de: Was knnen zur Zeit sogenannte "Zersetzungsopfer" beantragen?, PDF, 53 KB, eingesehen am 24. This Study Guide consists of approximately 108pages of chapter summaries, quotes, character analysis, themes, and more - [75], With the fall of the GDR, the Stasi was dissolved. The memorial site opened with the official name "Die Gedenk- und Begegnungssttte im Torhaus der politischen Haftanstalt von 1933 bis 1945 und 1945 bis 1989" in November 2005. Stasi Kreiner is a BESOC and Forestry Administrative Assistant at Lansing Board of Water & Light based in Lansing, Michigan. Between 1950 and 1958 the Stasi shared another prison with the civil police. 1) During the book-trailer for the institute, there's some actor playing Luke, and you see briefly the Stasi lights, and him being dunked in the water. Hitler Youth-style groups were established for school children. There is on-going debate as to the extent, if at all, that weaponised directed energy devices, such as X-ray transmitters, were also used against victims. The aim was to disrupt the target's private or family life so they are unable to continue their "hostile-negative" activities towards the state. [89][90], Gedenksttte Amthordurchgang[de], a memorial and 'centre of encounter' in Gera in a former remand prison, originally opened in 1874, that was used by the Gestapo from 1933 to 1945, the Soviet occupying forces from 1945 to 1949, and from 1952 to 1989 by the Stasi. Most tours are actually led by former prisoners, who have their own style and stories (Some English tours may be led by . Juristische Hochschule Potsdam 1977, BStU, ZA, JHS 24 503. So far, hundreds of millions of files, 39 million index cards, 1.75 million photographs, 2,800 reels of film and 28,400 audio recordings have been recovered from Stasi archives. Among the high-profile individuals arrested and tried were Erich Mielke, Third Minister of State Security of the GDR, and Erich Honecker, GDR head of state. With Zersetzung one can influence hostile and negative individuals across different operational political activities, especially the hostile and negative aspects of their dispositions and beliefs, so these are abandoned and changed little by little, and, if applicable, the contradictions and differences between the hostile and negative forces would be laid open, exploited, and reinforced. It had nearly 200,000 unofficial. [40], Recruitment of informants became increasingly difficult towards unification, and after 1986 there was a negative turnover rate of IMs. They didnt care how. Photograph: Stasi archive. Others were life-altering: Individuals labeled as subversives were banned from higher education, forced into unemployment, and forcibly committed to asylums. Renate Oschlies: Die Straftat "Zersetzung" kennen die Richter nicht. A special unit of the Stasi assisted Romanian intelligence in kidnapping Romanian dissident Oliviu Beldeanu from West Germany. Sixteen thousand sacks of shredded documents still await reassembly. However, to make sure your stairs are lit adequately, directed light, like spotlights, should never be used. Jens Gieseke: Das Ministerium fr Staatssicherheit 19501989/90 Ein kurzer historischer Abriss. 3 UN-Charta. Because the scale and nature of Zersetzung were unknown both to the general population of the GDR and to people abroad, revelations of the Stasi's malicious tactics were met with some degree of disbelief by those affected. Johannes Straubinger. [102] Stasi collaborator Peter Haack (Stasi codename "Alfons") befriended Welsch and then fed him hamburgers poisoned with, Documents in the Stasi archives state that the KGB ordered Bulgarian agents to. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. Many thought that they were losing their minds, and mental breakdowns and suicide were sometimes the result. Hohenschnhausen. They are operated on and tortured. Tim and the others believed Luke at this point, but it was too late because an envoy of former military on the Institutes payroll arrived in DuPray. [73] The Russian Embassy's reply was cited by The Washington Post as implicitly admitting and defending the harassment as a response to what Russia called U.S. provocations and mistreatment of Russian diplomats in the United States. Following the June 1953 uprising, the Politbro decided to downgrade the apparatus to a State Secretariat and incorporate it under the Ministry of the Interior under the leadership of Willi Stoph. Item Name / Description. Citizens can request to see their personal files, which are housed by the Federal Commissioner for the Stasi Archives on 63 miles of dedicated shelving. The aim of Zersetzung (a repurposed military term meaning disintegration or corrosion) was to switch off any activist individuals and groups who might threaten the Party. Refusal of permits for travel to socialist states, or denial of entry at Czechoslovak and Polish border crossings where no visa requirement existed, were also arranged. [citation needed] They felt that the information in the files would lead to negative feelings about former Stasi members, and, in turn, cause violence. ata-csrf="1681809758,f450627812d4ae496fb7281ab5fea344">. Dokumentations- und Gedenksttte in der ehemaligen U-Haft der Stasi in Rostock, BBL-MV. [55] To sow mistrust within the group, the Stasi made believe that certain members were unofficial collaborators; moreover by spreading rumors and manipulated photos,[56] the Stasi feigned indiscretions with unofficial collaborators, or placed members of targeted groups in administrative posts to make others believe that this was a reward for the activity of an unofficial collaborator. Dok. Gab Mielke den Schiebefehl? [4], The Stasi was headquartered in East Berlin, with an extensive complex in Berlin-Lichtenberg and several smaller facilities throughout the city. please link the video you are talking about, I can almost guarantee you a movie deal has not been signed yet at this state in the books lifetime. She is a passionate advocate for critical thinking, individual liberties, and the Oxford Comma. When Luke Ellis, a twelve-year-old genius, was brought to the Institute, he started a movement not only to escape the Institute but also to close it down. Zersetzung is equally an immediate constitutive element of "operational procedures" and other preventive activities to impede hostile gatherings. Interview mit der Bundesbeauftragten fr die Stasi-Unterlagen Marianne Birthler im Deutschlandradio Kultur vom 25. The function of the headquarters and Abteilung XXs was to maintain surveillance of religious communities; cultural and media establishments; alternative political parties; the GDR's many political establishment-affiliated mass social organisations; sport; and education and health services - effectively covering all aspects of civic life. X-ray devices in a directed and weaponised manner, Federal Commissioner for the Records of the State Security Service of the former GDR, BBC - World: Europe Dissidents say Stasi gave them cancer, Richtlinie Nr. In that kind of tattle culture, reporting your neighbors for minor wrongdoing might keep your own family safe. On most days, they're taken to one of the levels beneath the dorm, where they are subjected to medical tests and experiments, many of them unpleasant. Although these children had been kidnapped for their telekinetic and telepathic abilities, the adults in charge of the Institute underestimated these abilities. [26][27] Author Jrgen Fuchs was a victim of Zersetzung and wrote about his experience, describing the Stasi's actions as "psychosocial crime", and "an assault on the human soul". [] Honecker's predecessor, Walter Ulbricht, was an old-fashioned Stalinist thug. Though these hunters succeeded in identifying many ex-Stasi, charges could not be brought against anyone merely for being a registered Stasi member. The Stasi prison and offices were occupied by local citizens on 5 December 1989, during a wave of such takeovers across the country. In exchange, Maureen helped Luke to escape. The various collaborators (Partner des operativen Zusammenwirkens) included branches of regional government, university and professional management, housing administrative bodies, the Sparkasse public savings bank, and in some cases head physicians. Dokumentiert in: 12. Recording detailed personal information on a third of the populace required a tremendous amount of paper. For nearly 40 years, East Germany's Stasi was one of the most formidable secret police forces in the world, with a vast network of spies and informers reaching across the globe up . [59] The Stasi nevertheless defined several main target groups:[26], The Stasi also occasionally used Zersetzung on non-political organisations regarded as undesirable, such as the Watchtower Society.[60]. The Ministry for State Security,[n 1] commonly known as the Stasi (German: [tazi] (listen)),[n 2] was the state security service of East Germany from 1950 to 1990. Dr. Evans did try to start a conversation once, again wanting them to know that he was an innocent The author uses the politics of architecture to expose hypocrisy and personal jealousy in the new "anti-Fascist . the Stasi often used a method which was really diabolic. [11] At the College of Legal Studies, the number of dissertations submitted on the subject of Zersetzung was in double figures. These overturn certain administrative provisions of GDR institutions and affirm their unconstitutionality. [85][86] On 4 December 1989, local citizens occupied the prison and the neighbouring Stasi district headquarters to stop the mass destruction of Stasi files. But actually, it's a quite accurate description. The GRH, decrying the charges as "victor's justice", called for them to be dropped. [16][17][18] In 1989, the Stasi employed 91,015 people full-time, including 2,000 fully employed unofficial collaborators, 13,073 soldiers and 2,232 officers of GDR army,[19] along with 173,081 unofficial informants inside GDR[20] and 1,553 informants in West Germany.[21]. John O. Koehler's book Stasi: The Untold Story of the East German Secret Police suggests that if occasional informants were included, as many as 2 million East Germans were watching their fellow citizens. From personal recollections our guide added that lights were turned on and . [38] Usually, victims had no idea that the Stasi were responsible. The goal was to destroy secretly the self-confidence of people, for example by damaging their reputation, by organizing failures in their work, and by destroying their personal relationships. And many Germans themselves are deeply. The Ministry for State Security, known as the Stasi, was trying desperately to destroy the surveillance records it had collected over four decades of spying on its own citizens. Luke is taken to a facility called The Institute where many kidnapped kids with . Every document went into a personal Stasi file. The files were maintained by the Stasi Records Agency until June 2021, when they became part of the German Federal Archives. [4] The Stasi used operational psychology and its extensive network of between 170,000[5] and over 500,000[6][7] informal collaborators (inoffizielle Mitarbeiter) to launch personalized psychological attacks against targets to damage their mental health and lower chances of a "hostile action" against the state. [22] A study by the Federal Commissioner for the Records of the State Security Service of the former GDR (Bundesbeauftragte fr die Unterlagen des Staatssicherheitsdienstes der ehemaligen Deutschen Demokratischen Republik or BStU) has meanwhile rejected on the basis of extant documents such as fraudulent use of X-rays, and only mentions isolated and unintentional cases of the harmful use of sources of radiation, for example to mark documents. Gedenksttte Roter Ochse Halle (Saale), Gedenksttte Moritzplatz Magdeburg. Those who tried were often jailed or killed. Honecker sought to burnish the GDR's international reputation while fighting internal opposition by intensification of the Stasi's efforts to punish dissident behaviors without using the penal code. After handling an armed robbery and serious injury professionally, Tim was offered a job with the local sheriffs department. During its first decade of the GDR's existence, the SED under General Secretary Walter Ulbricht consolidated their rule by overtly combating political opposition, which it subdued primarily through the penal code by accusing them of incitement to war or of calls of boycott and processing them through the regular criminal judiciary. The service acted like an unseen and malevolent god, manipulating the destinies of its victims. Beginning with intelligence obtained by espionage, the Stasi established "sociograms" and "psychograms" which it applied for the psychological forms of Zersetzung. Anforderungen und Wege fr eine konzentrierte, offensive, rationelle und gesellschaftlich wirksame Vorgangsbearbeitung. Martin Sabrow: Das Diktat des Konsenses: Geschichtswissenschaft in der DDR 19491969. The Communist Party elite and military officers turned out for the secret premieres of 12 films. The Hohenschnhausen Memorial in Berlin, a former Stasi prison. The Stasi: Secrets, Lies and British Spies "Allowing people to get away with it so it does not cause embarrassment is a very British way of doing things and is very toxic." - Annie Machon, former . The Ministry for State Securitycommonly known as the Stasi wiretapped, bugged, and tracked citizens. When these activities became known, a protest began in front of the Stasi headquarters. University graduates who had completed their military service did not need to take these tests and exams. In: Karsten Dmmel, Christian Schmitz (Hrsg. 43, Sankt Augustin 2002, S. 31, PDF, 646 KB. Itar-Tass Russian News Agency v. Russian Kurier, Inc. Kalisha, one of Lukes first friends at the Institute, was among the children who escaped. [69] The above examples of seeking justice have, however, been hindered by various difficulties victims have experienced, both in providing proof of the Stasi's encroachment into the areas of health, personal assets, education and employment, and in receiving official acknowledgement that the Stasi was responsible for personal damages (including psychological injury) as a direct result of Zersetzung operations. [25] A large number of Stasi informants were tram conductors, janitors, doctors, nurses and teachers. Police collected medical, school, and police records, interviews with neighbors and relatives, and any other evidence they could get and would then customize a direct hit on an individuals mental health. The people were told the Berlin Wall was a protective barrier against a West German separatist state bent on sabotaging their socialist state. Scribner, September 10, 2019. [3] The Stasi also conducted espionage and other clandestine operations abroad through its subordinate foreign intelligence service, the Office of Reconnaissance, or Head Office A (German: Hauptverwaltung Aufklrung). The Institute Summary & Study Guide includes comprehensive information and analysis to It spied on its own citizens on a massive scale, as well as engaging in foreign espionage. August 2010. The name "Roter Ochse" is the informal name of the prison, possibly originating in the 19th century from the colour of the external walls. 2) Do you think Stackhouse should have gone after Luke himself instead of Mrs. Sigsby? He wound up in the tiny town of DuPray where he got a job as a night knocker. 21, Berlin 1998, S. 35. Since 1996, the building which was used as an interrogation centre by the Stasi and an execution site by the Nazis has been a museum and memorial centre for victims of political persecution. Set in 1955-56, The Architects by German-Jewish author Stefan Heym is a rare find. ): Zersetzung einer Religionsgemeinschaft: die geheimdienstliche Bearbeitung der Zeugen Jehovas in der DDR und in Polen. [16] There is significant debate about how many IMs were actually employed. [11][verification needed] Special pensions for restitution have been created for Zersetzung victims. [55], The Stasi used Zersetzung tactics both on individuals and groups. The blond man's lips were stretched in a snarl of pain, and blood was pouring down the side of his face, but he was holding on. Oldenbourg, Mnchen 2001, Office of Reconnaissance, or Head Office A, Federal Commissioner for the Stasi Records, Federal Commissioner for the Records of the State Security Service of the former German Democratic Republic, Memorial and Education Centre Andreasstrae, Remembrance and Documentation Centre for "Victims of political tyranny", Documentation Centre and Memorial site, former Stasi remand prison, Rostock, Gesellschaft zur Rechtlichen und Humanitren Untersttzung, East Germany's inescapable Hohenschnhausen prison, "Unholy Alliance: The Connection between the East German Stasi and the Right-Wing Terrorist Odfried Hepp", "Putin's Stasi spy ID pass found in Germany", "Political prisoners in the German Democratic Republic", "Video Games in East Germany: The Stasi Played Along", Hubertus Knabe: The dark secrets of a surveillance state, A brave woman seeks justice and historical recognition for past wrongs, THE FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE-GATHERING OF THE MfS' HAUPTVERWALTUNG AUFKLRUNG, "Gunter Guillaume, 68, Is Dead; Spy Caused Willy Brandt's Fall", "The Schlaff Saga / Laundered funds & 'business' ties to the Stasi", Olympiakos soccer chief was 'spy for Stasi', E. Germany Ran Antisemitic Campaign in West in '60s, The Truth about the Gunshot that Changed Germany, "East German Stasi Spy Killed Protester, Ohnesorg, in 1967", "Karl-Heinz Kurras: Erschoss er Benno Ohnesorg? Federal Commissioner for the Records of the State Security Service of the former German Democratic Republic: Consider the written position taken by Michael Beleites, responsible for the files of the Stasi in the. Zersetzung presupposes information and significant proof of hostile activities planned, prepared, and accomplished as well as anchor points corresponding to measures of Zersetzung. The new government, determined to bring to light the agency's totalitarian tactics, created a special commission to give victims access to their . For this reason members of the Church, writers, artists, and members of youth sub-cultures were often the victims. On 5 December 1989, the Stasi Headquarters in Potsdam and the Lindenstrasse Prison were occupied by protesters. [n 4], After German reunification, revelations of the Stasi's international activities were publicized, such as its military training of the West German Red Army Faction. Treffbericht des IMB "J. Herold" mit Oberleutnant Walther vom 25. [76] The evening of 15 January 1990 saw a large crowd form outside the gates calling for a stop to the destruction of sensitive files. The word is difficult to translate because it means originally "biodegradation." They're a recurring plot element in Stephen King's works including The Dark Tower and IT. [16][17][18] Consequently, the SED regime decided to reduce the number of political prisoners, which was compensated for by practising dissident repression without imprisonment or court judgements.[19][20]. Minds, and forcibly committed to asylums 's a quite accurate description november 2010 im Internet Archive ), KB... A negative turnover rate of IMs Andreasstrae - a museum in Erfurt which is housed a. 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